Toca Proxy

A VPN on your phone lets you protect your privacy when you connect to public WiFi hotspots. You can also use it to hide your real location, connect to blocked sites and applications. There are many ways to use VPN.

To keep only unique external links while scraping with Scrapy, you can use a set to track the visited external links and filter out duplicates. Here's an example spider that demonstrates how to achieve this:

import scrapy
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin

class UniqueLinksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'unique_links'
    start_urls = ['http://example.com']  # Replace with the starting URL of your choice
    visited_external_links = set()

    def parse(self, response):
        # Extract all links from the current page
        all_links = response.css('a::attr(href)').extract()

        for link in all_links:
            full_url = urljoin(response.url, link)

            # Check if the link is external
            if urlparse(full_url).netloc != urlparse(response.url).netloc:
                # Check if it's a unique external link
                if full_url not in self.visited_external_links:
                    # Add the link to the set of visited external links
                    self.visited_external_links.add(full_url)

                    # Yield the link or process it further
                    yield {
                        'external_link': full_url
                    }

        # Follow links to other pages
        for next_page_url in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            yield scrapy.Request(url=urljoin(response.url, next_page_url), callback=self.parse)

- visited_external_links is a class variable that keeps track of the unique external links across all instances of the spider.
- The parse method extracts all links from the current page.
- For each link, it checks if it is an external link by comparing the netloc (domain) of the current page and the link.
- If the link is external, it checks if it is unique by looking at the visited_external_links set.
- If the link is unique, it is added to the set, and the spider yields the link or processes it further.
- The spider then follows links to other pages, recursively calling the parse method.

Remember to replace the start_urls with the URL from which you want to start scraping.

To remove all lines with one character from a file in Python, you can read the contents of the file, filter out the lines with one character, and then write the filtered lines back to the file. Here's an example using a simple Python script:

# Input file path
input_file_path = 'your_input_file.txt'

# Output file path
output_file_path = 'your_output_file.txt'

# Read the contents of the input file
with open(input_file_path, 'r') as input_file:
    lines = input_file.readlines()

# Filter out lines with one character
filtered_lines = [line for line in lines if len(line.strip()) > 1]

# Write the filtered lines to the output file
with open(output_file_path, 'w') as output_file:
    output_file.writelines(filtered_lines)

Both versions of the protocol, at first glance, are able to provide anonymity on the Internet, as well as bypass all kinds of blockages. In addition, they are not only suitable for online entertainment, but also for work (study). This is what unites them to some extent, but there are still more differences. These are primarily the number of IP addresses, the cost of rent, appearance, connection speed, ping, and security. The IPv4 protocol, developed in the 1980s, is a more outdated model with a number of significant problems, including inefficient routing.

The easiest way to set up a home proxy server is to install a router that supports this function. Then get the proxy data (provided by the service in which it is "rented") and enter it in the router settings. If there is no need for a common proxy (for all devices at once), then it should be configured separately for each device with the help of the utilities integrated in the OS for changing the connection properties.