Proxy Server Picture

You can find out your proxy using the Socproxy.ru/ip service from your computer or cell phone. Your IP or proxy address will appear on the main page of the site. Another option is to download the SocialKit Proxy Checker utility, which you can use to check your proxy for validity. If a proxy is used in the browser settings, you can find out its parameters there as well.

To reduce constant repetition of find_element() in Selenium, you can use the following techniques:

Store elements in variables:

When you locate an element once, store it in a variable and reuse it throughout the script. This reduces the need to call find_element() multiple times.

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

# Store the element in a variable
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element-id")

# Reuse the element
element.click()

Use loops and lists:

If you need to interact with multiple elements, store them in a list and use a loop to iterate through the elements.

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

# Find all elements and store them in a list
elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "element-class")

# Iterate through the list and interact with each element
for element in elements:
    element.click()

Use explicit waits:

Use explicit waits to wait for an element to become available or visible before interacting with it. This reduces the need to call find_element() multiple times, as the script will wait for the element to be ready.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

# Wait for the element to become visible
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
visible_element = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "element-id")))

# Interact with the element
visible_element.click()

Use the all_elements_available attribute:

The all_elements_available attribute is available in some browser drivers, such as ChromeDriver. It returns a list of all elements that match the given selector. You can use this attribute to interact with multiple elements without using loops.

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

# Get a list of all elements that match the selector
elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "element-class")

# Interact with each element
for element in elements:
    element.click()

Remember to replace "https://www.example.com", "element-id", "element-class", and other elements with the actual values for the website you are working with. Also, ensure that the browser driver (e.g., ChromeDriver for Google Chrome) is installed and properly configured in your environment.

To add a site to proxy exceptions, you need to configure your proxy settings to bypass the proxy for specific domains or websites. The process may vary depending on the browser or operating system you are using. Here, I will provide instructions for popular web browsers:

Google Chrome:
- Open Google Chrome.
- Click on the three dots (⠇) in the top right corner of the Chrome window.
- Select "Settings" from the dropdown menu.
- Scroll down and click on "Advanced" at the bottom of the page.
- Under the "System" section, click on "Open proxy settings."
- In the Windows Settings window, go to the "Exceptions" tab.
- Click on the "Add" button.
- Enter the domain or IP address of the site you want to add to the exceptions list in the "Address" field.
- Click "OK" to save the exception.

Mozilla Firefox:
- Open Mozilla Firefox.
- Click on the three lines (⠇) in the top right corner of the Firefox window.
- Select "Options" or "Preferences" from the dropdown menu.
- Go to the "General" tab, and click on "Settings..." in the "Network Proxy" section.
- In the Connection Settings window, click on "Settings..." under the "Dial-up networking" section.
- In the Internet Properties window, go to the "Security" tab.
- Click on "Restricted Sites" and then "Sites."
- Click on "Add" and enter the domain or IP address of the site you want to add to the exceptions list.
- Click "Close" and then "OK" to save the exception.

To keep only unique external links while scraping with Scrapy, you can use a set to track the visited external links and filter out duplicates. Here's an example spider that demonstrates how to achieve this:

import scrapy
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin

class UniqueLinksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'unique_links'
    start_urls = ['http://example.com']  # Replace with the starting URL of your choice
    visited_external_links = set()

    def parse(self, response):
        # Extract all links from the current page
        all_links = response.css('a::attr(href)').extract()

        for link in all_links:
            full_url = urljoin(response.url, link)

            # Check if the link is external
            if urlparse(full_url).netloc != urlparse(response.url).netloc:
                # Check if it's a unique external link
                if full_url not in self.visited_external_links:
                    # Add the link to the set of visited external links
                    self.visited_external_links.add(full_url)

                    # Yield the link or process it further
                    yield {
                        'external_link': full_url
                    }

        # Follow links to other pages
        for next_page_url in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            yield scrapy.Request(url=urljoin(response.url, next_page_url), callback=self.parse)

- visited_external_links is a class variable that keeps track of the unique external links across all instances of the spider.
- The parse method extracts all links from the current page.
- For each link, it checks if it is an external link by comparing the netloc (domain) of the current page and the link.
- If the link is external, it checks if it is unique by looking at the visited_external_links set.
- If the link is unique, it is added to the set, and the spider yields the link or processes it further.
- The spider then follows links to other pages, recursively calling the parse method.

Remember to replace the start_urls with the URL from which you want to start scraping.

In Windows 10 you need to go to "Settings", go to "Network and Internet", open the tab "Proxy" and make the necessary settings for the connection (under "Manual", the item should also be made active).