Proxy for Sina Weibo

Here are some general guidelines to approach scraping protected sites:

1. Check Terms of Service:

   • Review the terms of service, robots.txt file, and any other usage policies provided by the website. Some websites explicitly prohibit scraping.

2. Contact the Website Owner:

   • If you have a legitimate reason for scraping and the website provides contact information, consider reaching out to the website owner or administrator to request permission.

3. Use Official APIs:

   • Many websites offer official APIs that allow controlled access to their data. Using an API is a sanctioned and structured way to obtain information.

4. Simulate Human Behavior:

   • Mimic human behavior by setting appropriate headers, handling cookies, and introducing delays between requests. This helps avoid detection mechanisms that may identify automated bots.

5. Handle CAPTCHAs:

   • Some sites may use CAPTCHAs to prevent automated access. Implement mechanisms to handle CAPTCHAs if they are encountered.

6. Use Proxy Servers:

   • Rotate IP addresses using proxy servers to avoid IP-based blocking. However, be aware that some sites may block common proxy server IP ranges.

7. Avoid Aggressive Scraping:

   • Limit the frequency and volume of your requests to avoid overloading the server. Implement rate limiting and throttling to mimic human browsing behavior.

8. Stay Informed:

   • Monitor the website for changes in its structure or policies. Adjust your scraping strategy accordingly to adapt to any modifications.

If you want to parse JSON data and display it in a TreeView in a Windows Forms application using C#, you can use the Newtonsoft.Json library for parsing JSON and the TreeView control for displaying the hierarchical structure. Below is an example demonstrating how to achieve this

Install Newtonsoft.Json

Use NuGet Package Manager Console to install the Newtonsoft.Json package:

Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json

• Create a Windows Forms Application:

  • Open Visual Studio and create a new Windows Forms Application project.

• Design the Form:

  • Drag and drop a TreeView control and a Button on the form.

• Write Code to Parse JSON and Populate TreeView:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;

namespace JsonTreeViewExample
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnLoadJson_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Replace with your JSON data or URL
            string jsonData = @"{
                ""name"": ""John"",
                ""age"": 30,
                ""address"": {
                    ""city"": ""New York"",
                    ""zip"": ""10001""
                },
                ""emails"": [
                    ""[email protected]"",
                    ""[email protected]""
                ]
            }";

            // Parse JSON data
            JObject jsonObject = JObject.Parse(jsonData);

            // Clear existing nodes in TreeView
            treeView.Nodes.Clear();

            // Populate TreeView
            PopulateTreeView(treeView.Nodes, jsonObject);
        }

        private void PopulateTreeView(TreeNodeCollection nodes, JToken token)
        {
            if (token is JValue)
            {
                // Display the value
                nodes.Add(token.ToString());
            }
            else if (token is JObject)
            {
                // Display object properties
                var obj = (JObject)token;
                foreach (var property in obj.Properties())
                {
                    TreeNode newNode = nodes.Add(property.Name);
                    PopulateTreeView(newNode.Nodes, property.Value);
                }
            }
            else if (token is JArray)
            {
                // Display array items
                var array = (JArray)token;
                for (int i = 0; i < array.Count; i++)
                {
                    TreeNode newNode = nodes.Add($"[{i}]");
                    PopulateTreeView(newNode.Nodes, array[i]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

4. • In this example, the btnLoadJson_Click event handler simulates loading JSON data. You should replace it with your method of loading JSON data (e.g., from a file, a web service, etc.).
   • The PopulateTreeView method recursively populates the TreeView with nodes representing the JSON structure.

5. Run the Application:

   • Build and run your application. Click the button to load the JSON data into the TreeView.

This example assumes a simple JSON structure. You may need to adjust the code based on the structure of your specific JSON data. The PopulateTreeView method handles objects, arrays, and values within the JSON data.

In Selenium, you can find out the URL of a newly opened window by switching to that window and retrieving its URL. Here's a step-by-step guide in Python:

1. Switch to the New Window

After opening a new window, you need to switch the focus of the WebDriver to that window.

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com")

# Open a new window (e.g., by clicking a link)
new_window_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text("Open New Window")
new_window_link.click()

# Switch to the new window
new_window_handle = driver.window_handles[-1]
driver.switch_to.window(new_window_handle)

In this example, replace "Open New Window" with the actual link text or locator that opens the new window.

2. Retrieve the URL of the New Window

Once you have switched to the new window, you can retrieve its URL using current_url.

new_window_url = driver.current_url
print("URL of the new window:", new_window_url)

This will print the URL of the new window. You can then store it in a variable or use it as needed in your script.

3. Switch Back to the Original Window (Optional)

If you need to switch back to the original window after retrieving the URL from the new window, you can do so using a similar process.

original_window_handle = driver.window_handles[0]
driver.switch_to.window(original_window_handle)

Replace 0 with the index of the original window's handle in the window_handles list.

Here's the complete example:

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://example.com")

# Open a new window (replace with the actual link or action)
new_window_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text("Open New Window")
new_window_link.click()

# Switch to the new window
new_window_handle = driver.window_handles[-1]
driver.switch_to.window(new_window_handle)

# Retrieve the URL of the new window
new_window_url = driver.current_url
print("URL of the new window:", new_window_url)

# Switch back to the original window (optional)
original_window_handle = driver.window_handles[0]
driver.switch_to.window(original_window_handle)

# Continue with your script...

# Close the browser when done
driver.quit()

Make sure to adjust the code based on the actual actions and elements in your application that trigger the opening of a new window.

To keep only unique external links while scraping with Scrapy, you can use a set to track the visited external links and filter out duplicates. Here's an example spider that demonstrates how to achieve this:

import scrapy
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin

class UniqueLinksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'unique_links'
    start_urls = ['http://example.com']  # Replace with the starting URL of your choice
    visited_external_links = set()

    def parse(self, response):
        # Extract all links from the current page
        all_links = response.css('a::attr(href)').extract()

        for link in all_links:
            full_url = urljoin(response.url, link)

            # Check if the link is external
            if urlparse(full_url).netloc != urlparse(response.url).netloc:
                # Check if it's a unique external link
                if full_url not in self.visited_external_links:
                    # Add the link to the set of visited external links
                    self.visited_external_links.add(full_url)

                    # Yield the link or process it further
                    yield {
                        'external_link': full_url
                    }

        # Follow links to other pages
        for next_page_url in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            yield scrapy.Request(url=urljoin(response.url, next_page_url), callback=self.parse)

- visited_external_links is a class variable that keeps track of the unique external links across all instances of the spider.
- The parse method extracts all links from the current page.
- For each link, it checks if it is an external link by comparing the netloc (domain) of the current page and the link.
- If the link is external, it checks if it is unique by looking at the visited_external_links set.
- If the link is unique, it is added to the set, and the spider yields the link or processes it further.
- The spider then follows links to other pages, recursively calling the parse method.

Remember to replace the start_urls with the URL from which you want to start scraping.

In simple terms, it is a logically separated part of the main local or public network. It is through it that many users can use a proxy through a single server at the same time. Each connection is allocated to a separate subnet.