Phantombuster Proxy

Changing the WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) value in Selenium involves modifying the browser's configuration options. WebRTC settings are not directly exposed through Selenium WebDriver, so you need to use browser-specific options or preferences.

Below are examples for changing WebRTC settings in Chrome and Firefox using Selenium in Python. Keep in mind that the availability of certain options may vary depending on the browser version, and these examples may need adjustments based on your specific requirements.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()

# Disable WebRTC
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-webrtc')

# Other options (customize as needed)
# chrome_options.add_argument('--use-fake-device-for-media-stream')
# chrome_options.add_argument('--use-fake-ui-for-media-stream')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

# Your Selenium script...

driver.quit()

In this example, --disable-webrtc is used to disable WebRTC. You can explore other Chrome command-line options related to WebRTC here.

Firefox

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options

firefox_options = Options()

# Disable WebRTC
firefox_options.set_preference('media.peerconnection.enabled', False)

# Other preferences (customize as needed)
# firefox_options.set_preference('media.navigator.streams.fake', True)
# firefox_options.set_preference('media.navigator.permission.disabled', True)

driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_options=firefox_options)

# Your Selenium script...

driver.quit()

In this example, media.peerconnection.enabled is set to False to disable WebRTC in Firefox. Additional preferences can be adjusted based on your needs. You can find more Firefox preferences related to WebRTC here.

Remember that changing browser preferences may have implications on the behavior of your application, and modifying settings like WebRTC should be done responsibly and in accordance with the terms of service of the websites you are interacting with.

To catch a dynamic element using Selenium, you can use various methods depending on the specifics of the element and the browser you are using. Here are some common approaches:

Using WebDriverWait and expected_conditions:

The WebDriverWait class is used to wait for a specific condition to be met before proceeding with the script. You can use the expected_conditions module to define the condition you want to wait for.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

dynamic_element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "dynamic-element-id"))
)

In this example, the script will wait up to 10 seconds for the element with the ID dynamic-element-id to appear on the page. Once the element is present, it can be interacted with or located.

Using JavaScript to interact with dynamic elements:

You can use the execute_script() method to run JavaScript code in the context of the current page. This allows you to interact with dynamic elements that may not be accessible through the regular Selenium methods.

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

dynamic_element = driver.execute_script("return document.getElementById('dynamic-element-id');")

In this example, the script runs JavaScript code to get a reference to the element with the ID dynamic-element-id. You can then interact with the element using JavaScript or Selenium methods.

Using actions with dynamic elements:

The actions module allows you to simulate user interactions, such as mouse movements and clicks. You can use this module to interact with dynamic elements that require user-like interaction.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.example.com")

dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "dynamic-element-id")
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(dynamic_element).perform()
actions.click(dynamic_element).perform()

In this example, the script moves the mouse cursor to the dynamic element and simulates a click, which may be necessary if the element is interactive or requires user-like interaction.

Remember to replace "https://www.example.com", "dynamic-element-id", and other elements with the actual values for the website you are working with. Also, ensure that the browser driver (e.g., ChromeDriver for Google Chrome) is installed and properly configured in your environment.

To work with browser extensions in Selenium, you can follow these steps:

1. Install the required browser extension: First, install the browser extension you want to work with. For example, if you want to work with the Google Chrome browser, you can install the extension using the Chrome Web Store.

2. Enable Developer Mode: To enable the use of browser extensions in Selenium, you need to enable Developer Mode in your browser. For example, in Chrome, go to the Extensions page (chrome://extensions/) and click the "Developer mode" toggle in the top right corner.

3. Load the extension into the browser: Once Developer Mode is enabled, you can load the extension into your browser. You can do this by clicking the "Load unpacked" button on the Extensions page and selecting the folder containing your extension.

4. Locate the extension ID: After loading the extension, you can find its ID by looking at the Extensions page. The ID is a unique identifier for the extension and will be used in Selenium code.

5. Update your Selenium code: In your Selenium code, you will need to add the extension ID to the Chrome options before launching the browser. For example, in Python, you can do this as follows:

from selenium import webdriver

# Set the path to the ChromeDriver executable
chrome_driver_path = "path/to/chromedriver"

# Set the extension ID
extension_id = "your-extension-id"

# Create a ChromeOptions object
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

# Add the extension ID to the ChromeOptions
chrome_options.add_extension(f"path/to/your-extension-folder/{extension_id}")

# Launch the browser with the extension
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrome_driver_path, options=chrome_options)

# Your Selenium code goes here

# Close the browser
driver.quit()

Replace path/to/chromedriver, your-extension-id, and path/to/your-extension-folder with the appropriate values for your setup.

By following these steps, you can work with browser extensions in Selenium and automate interactions with the extensions in your test scripts.

To keep only unique external links while scraping with Scrapy, you can use a set to track the visited external links and filter out duplicates. Here's an example spider that demonstrates how to achieve this:

import scrapy
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin

class UniqueLinksSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'unique_links'
    start_urls = ['http://example.com']  # Replace with the starting URL of your choice
    visited_external_links = set()

    def parse(self, response):
        # Extract all links from the current page
        all_links = response.css('a::attr(href)').extract()

        for link in all_links:
            full_url = urljoin(response.url, link)

            # Check if the link is external
            if urlparse(full_url).netloc != urlparse(response.url).netloc:
                # Check if it's a unique external link
                if full_url not in self.visited_external_links:
                    # Add the link to the set of visited external links
                    self.visited_external_links.add(full_url)

                    # Yield the link or process it further
                    yield {
                        'external_link': full_url
                    }

        # Follow links to other pages
        for next_page_url in response.css('a::attr(href)').extract():
            yield scrapy.Request(url=urljoin(response.url, next_page_url), callback=self.parse)

- visited_external_links is a class variable that keeps track of the unique external links across all instances of the spider.
- The parse method extracts all links from the current page.
- For each link, it checks if it is an external link by comparing the netloc (domain) of the current page and the link.
- If the link is external, it checks if it is unique by looking at the visited_external_links set.
- If the link is unique, it is added to the set, and the spider yields the link or processes it further.
- The spider then follows links to other pages, recursively calling the parse method.

Remember to replace the start_urls with the URL from which you want to start scraping.

Technically, a proxy is an ordinary computer or server connected to a network (local or Internet). It accepts traffic from the user, redirects it to the address that was specified in the request. And then receives the response from the server and transmits it to the user's equipment. That is, it is actually an intermediary.