Different Proxy Servers

If you have the operating system Ubuntu, the messenger will not be able to connect to the proxy. On other operating systems, if this situation occurs, you should update your application to the latest version. Another reason for no connection may be a server restart. In this case, you should either wait for the traffic to decrease or connect to a new proxy. Sometimes, to get Telegram working via proxy again, you simply need to replace the outdated proxy server with a new one.

Scraping without libraries in Python typically involves making HTTP requests, parsing HTML (or other markup languages), and extracting data using basic string manipulation or regular expressions. However, it's important to note that using established libraries like requests for making HTTP requests and BeautifulSoup or lxml for parsing HTML is generally recommended due to their ease of use, reliability, and built-in features.

Here's a simple example of scraping without libraries, where we use Python's built-in urllib for making an HTTP request and then perform basic string manipulation to extract data. In this example, we'll scrape the title of a website:

import urllib.request

def scrape_website(url):
    try:
        # Make an HTTP request
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
        
        # Read the HTML content
        html_content = response.read().decode('utf-8')

        # Extract the title using string manipulation
        title_start = html_content.find('', title_start)
        title = html_content[title_start:title_end].strip()

        return title
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        return None

# Replace 'https://example.com' with the URL you want to scrape
url_to_scrape = 'https://example.com'
scraped_title = scrape_website(url_to_scrape)

if scraped_title:
    print(f"Scraped title: {scraped_title}")
else:
    print("Scraping failed.")

Keep in mind that scraping without libraries can quickly become complex as you need to handle various aspects such as handling redirects, managing cookies, dealing with different encodings, and more. Libraries like requests and BeautifulSoup abstract away many of these complexities and provide a more robust solution.

Using established libraries is generally recommended for web scraping due to the potential pitfalls and challenges involved in handling various edge cases on the web. Always ensure that your scraping activities comply with the website's terms of service and legal requirements.

In Swift 4 and later, the Decodable protocol provides a convenient way to parse JSON data into Swift objects. Here's an example demonstrating how to use the Decodable protocol to parse JSON in Swift:

Assuming you have the following JSON data:

{
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 30,
    "city": "New York"
}

And you want to create a Swift struct to represent this data:

import Foundation

// Define a struct conforming to Decodable
struct Person: Decodable {
    let name: String
    let age: Int
    let city: String
}

// JSON data
let jsonData = """
{
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 30,
    "city": "New York"
}
""".data(using: .utf8)!

// Use JSONDecoder to decode JSON data into a Person object
do {
    let person = try JSONDecoder().decode(Person.self, from: jsonData)
    print("Name: \(person.name)")
    print("Age: \(person.age)")
    print("City: \(person.city)")
} catch {
    print("Error decoding JSON: \(error)")
}

In this example:

• We define a Person struct that conforms to the Decodable protocol. The struct's properties match the keys in the JSON data.
• We create a JSON string and convert it to Data using data(using:).
• We use JSONDecoder to decode the JSON data into an instance of the Person struct.

Ensure that the keys in your Swift struct match the keys in your JSON data, and the data types match accordingly. The JSONDecoder automatically maps the JSON data to the struct based on the property names.

This example assumes a simple JSON structure. If your JSON structure is more complex, you may need to define additional structs conforming to Decodable to represent nested structures.

"Work via VPN" means to connect to a site, an application or a remote server via a VPN server. That is, through an "intermediary" that not only hides the real IP address, but also additionally encrypts the traffic so that it cannot be "read".

A VPN on your phone lets you protect your privacy when you connect to public WiFi hotspots. You can also use it to hide your real location, connect to blocked sites and applications. There are many ways to use VPN.